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| نمذجة تدفق المياه الجوفية MODFLOW× | الهيدروغراف الوحدوي (Unit Hydrograph)× | |
|---|---|---|
| المجال | الهندسة المدنية | الهندسة المدنية |
| العائلة | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| سنة النشأة≠ | 1984 (original release); continuously updated through MODFLOW-6 (2017) | 1932 |
| صاحب الطريقة≠ | Michael G. McDonald and Arlen W. Harbaugh (U.S. Geological Survey) | L. K. Sherman |
| النوع≠ | Numerical groundwater flow simulation | Linear transformation from rainfall to streamflow |
| المصدر التأسيسي≠ | Harbaugh, A. W. (2005). MODFLOW-2005, the U.S. Geological Survey modular ground-water model — the Ground-Water Flow Process. U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 6-A16. link ↗ | Sherman, L. K. (1932). Streamflow from rainfall by the unit graph method. Engineering News-Record, 108(14), 501-505. link ↗ |
| الأسماء البديلة≠ | MODFLOW-2005, MODFLOW-6, modular groundwater flow model, USGS groundwater model | UH, Rainfall-runoff, Hydrograph synthesis |
| ذات صلة≠ | 0 | 3 |
| الملخص≠ | MODFLOW is the U.S. Geological Survey's open-source, modular finite-difference model for simulating three-dimensional groundwater flow through porous media. First released in 1984 and continuously updated — most recently as MODFLOW-6 — it is the global standard for quantitative hydrogeological analysis, widely used in civil engineering, environmental consulting, water-resource management, and groundwater contamination studies. | The unit hydrograph (UH) is a linear transformation that converts rainfall excess into streamflow for a watershed. Introduced by Sherman in 1932, the UH assumes that rainfall-runoff response is linear and time-invariant, enabling synthesis of flood hydrographs from design storms for dam spillway design and flood risk assessment. |
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