قارن الطرق

	دراسة حالة وضبط تحليل تلوي	دراسة الحالة والشاهد
المجال	علم الأوبئة	علم الأوبئة
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1980s–2000 (formalized with MOOSE reporting guidelines in 2000)	1950s (formal methodology); precursors in the 1920s
صاحب الطريقة	Systematic development attributed to multiple epidemiologists; MOOSE guidelines formalized by Stroup et al.	Janet Lane-Claypon (early precursors, 1926); formalized by Brian MacMahon and Jerome Cornfield in the 1950s–1960s
النوع	Observational study synthesis	Observational analytic study design
المصدر التأسيسي	Shapiro, S. (1994). Meta-analysis/Shmeta-analysis. American Journal of Epidemiology, 140(9), 771-778.	Schlesselman, J.J. (1982). Case-Control Studies: Design, Conduct, Analysis. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195027860
الأسماء البديلة	pooled case-control analysis, case-control meta-analysis, meta-analytic case-control design, systematic pooled case-control	case-referent study, case-control design, retrospective case-control, case-control analysis
ذات صلة	4	6
الملخص	A meta-analytic case-control study systematically identifies, critically appraises, and quantitatively synthesizes data from multiple independent case-control studies examining the same exposure-disease relationship. By pooling odds ratios across studies, it yields a more precise and generalizable estimate of association than any single study can provide, while formally quantifying heterogeneity across populations, settings, and study periods.	A case-control study is a retrospective observational design in which individuals who have developed a disease or outcome of interest (cases) are compared with individuals who have not (controls) to determine whether prior exposure to a putative risk factor differs between the two groups. The primary measure of association is the odds ratio, which approximates the relative risk when the outcome is rare. Case-control studies are especially efficient for investigating rare diseases and generating etiological hypotheses.