قارن الطرق

	تخطيط المناطق البحرية المحمية باستخدام ماركسان	مؤشر سلامة الكائنات القاعية
المجال	علم المحيطات	علم المحيطات
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	2000	1981
صاحب الطريقة	Ian Ball	James Karr
النوع	optimization-algorithm	biotic-index
المصدر التأسيسي	Possingham, H. P., Ball, I., & Andelman, S. (2000). Mathematical methods for identifying representative reserve networks. In S. Ferson & M. Burgman (Eds.), Quantitative Methods for Conservation Biology (pp. 291-306). Springer-Verlag.	Karr, J. R. (1981). Assessment of biotic integrity using fish communities. Fisheries, 6(6), 21-27.
الأسماء البديلة	Marxan, Marxan with Zones	B-IBI, Benthic IBI
ذات صلة	3	3
الملخص	Marxan is a decision-support system that uses optimization algorithms to design cost-effective marine protected area (MPA) networks that achieve conservation targets while minimizing socioeconomic costs. Developed by Ian Ball and Hugh Possingham in 2000, Marxan has become the global standard tool for systematic conservation planning in marine environments. The software enables planners to explore trade-offs between conservation effectiveness and economic feasibility.	The Benthic Index of Biotic Integrity (B-IBI) is an ecological assessment metric that measures the health and integrity of benthic (seafloor) communities based on the composition, abundance, and diversity of benthic fauna. Developed by James Karr in 1981 for freshwater fish assemblages and later adapted for marine benthic communities, the B-IBI provides a holistic measure of ecosystem condition integrating responses to multiple stressors including pollution, habitat degradation, and resource depletion.