قارن الطرق

	جبر الخرائط	تحليل القرار متعدد المعايير المستند إلى نظم المعلومات الجغرافية (GIS-MCDA)	مقاييس نمط المشهد
المجال	التحليل المكاني	التحليل المكاني	التحليل المكاني
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1990	2006	1988
صاحب الطريقة	Dana Tomlin	Jacek Malczewski (GIS-MCDA synthesis)	R. V. O'Neill et al.; McGarigal & Marks (FRAGSTATS)
النوع	Raster spatial analysis framework	Spatial multi-criteria suitability/decision analysis	Quantitative landscape pattern description
المصدر التأسيسي	Tomlin, C. D. (1990). Geographic Information Systems and Cartographic Modeling. Prentice Hall. ISBN: 978-0-13-350927-4	Malczewski, J. (2006). GIS-based multicriteria decision analysis: a survey of the literature. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 20(7), 703–726.	O'Neill, R. V., et al. (1988). Indices of landscape pattern. Landscape Ecology, 1(3), 153–162.
الأسماء البديلة	Cartographic Modeling, Raster Algebra, Grid Algebra, Harita Cebiri	GIS-MCDM, spatial multi-criteria analysis, GIS-AHP, weighted overlay suitability	landscape pattern indices, FRAGSTATS metrics, fragmentation indices, peyzaj metrikleri
ذات صلة	3	4	3
الملخص	Map Algebra is a rule-based language and computational framework for deriving new raster layers from existing ones by applying arithmetic, logical, or statistical operations cell by cell or across neighborhoods. Formalized by Dana Tomlin in 1990, it is the foundational algebraic system underlying raster GIS analysis and is widely used in environmental science, urban planning, hydrology, and land-use modeling whenever spatially explicit calculations on gridded data are required.	GIS-MCDA combines the map layers of a geographic information system with multi-criteria decision analysis to produce suitability or priority maps — ranking locations by how well they satisfy several weighted criteria at once. It is the standard framework for spatial decisions such as siting hospitals, solar farms, landfills, or evacuation areas, integrating methods like AHP, TOPSIS, and weighted overlay with spatial data.	Landscape metrics are quantitative indices that describe the composition and spatial configuration of a categorical map — typically land cover — at the patch, class, and whole-landscape levels. Developed in landscape ecology (O'Neill and colleagues, 1988) and made widely usable by the FRAGSTATS software, they turn maps into numbers like patch density, edge density, fragmentation, diversity, and connectivity for ecological, planning, and change analysis.