قارن الطرق

	تقدير الانحراف المطلق الوسطي (MAD)	اختبار التبديل (العشوائية)
المجال	الإحصاء	الإحصاء
العائلة	Regression model	Regression model
سنة النشأة	1974	2005
صاحب الطريقة	Hampel (influence-curve treatment); classical robust statistics	Good (2005); Edgington & Onghena (2007); resampling tradition
النوع	Robust scale estimator	Nonparametric resampling test
المصدر التأسيسي	Hampel, F. R. (1974). The Influence Curve and Its Role in Robust Estimation. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 69(346), 383-393.	Good, P. (2005). Permutation, Parametric and Bootstrap Tests of Hypotheses (3rd ed.). Springer. ISBN: 978-0387202792
الأسماء البديلة	median absolute deviation, MAD scale estimator, robust scale estimation, Medyan Mutlak Sapma (MAD) Tahmini	randomization test, exact permutation test, re-randomization test, Permütasyon Testi
ذات صلة	5	5
الملخص	Median Absolute Deviation estimation is a robust measure of statistical dispersion that replaces the standard deviation when outliers are present. Rooted in the influence-curve framework formalised by Hampel (1974), it summarises the spread of a continuous variable using medians instead of means, so a single extreme value cannot distort the result.	The permutation test is a nonparametric resampling procedure that builds the sampling distribution of a test statistic directly from the data by repeatedly shuffling the group labels. Developed in the resampling tradition and treated systematically by Good (2005) and Edgington & Onghena (2007), it requires no parametric distributional assumption and yields an exact p-value.