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| نظرية الاستجابة للمفردة الطولية (LIRT)× | نظرية الاستجابة للمفردة (IRT)× | |
|---|---|---|
| المجال | القياس النفسي | القياس النفسي |
| العائلة | Latent structure | Latent structure |
| سنة النشأة≠ | 1991 | 1952–1968 |
| صاحب الطريقة≠ | Susan E. Embretson | Frederic M. Lord (and Allan Birnbaum for the 2PL/3PL models) |
| النوع≠ | Latent trait / longitudinal psychometric model | Probabilistic measurement model |
| المصدر التأسيسي≠ | Embretson, S. E. (1991). A multidimensional latent trait model for measuring learning and change. Psychometrika, 56(3), 495–515. DOI ↗ | Lord, F. M. & Novick, M. R. (1968). Statistical Theories of Mental Test Scores. Addison-Wesley. link ↗ |
| الأسماء البديلة | LIRT, longitudinal IRT, repeated-measures IRT, dynamic item response modeling | IRT, latent trait theory, item characteristic curve theory, modern test theory |
| ذات صلة≠ | 4 | 5 |
| الملخص≠ | Longitudinal IRT extends classical item response theory to data collected at multiple time points, allowing researchers to model both the initial latent trait level and its change over time. It is used in educational assessment, clinical trials, and panel studies where the same items or item banks are administered repeatedly to the same individuals. | Item response theory models the probability that a respondent answers an item correctly (or endorses it) as a function of the respondent's latent trait level and the item's own statistical properties — difficulty, discrimination, and guessing. Unlike classical test theory, IRT places persons and items on the same scale, yielding measurement that is sample-independent for items and test-independent for persons. |
| ScholarGateمجموعة البيانات ↗ |
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