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| التحليل التفاضلي للأداء الفقري الطولي (Longitudinal DIF)× | اختبار ثبات القياس الطولي× | |
|---|---|---|
| المجال | القياس النفسي | القياس النفسي |
| العائلة | Latent structure | Latent structure |
| سنة النشأة≠ | 1980s–2000s | 1993 |
| صاحب الطريقة≠ | Multiple contributors; foundational DIF methods by Lord (1980) extended to longitudinal designs | William Meredith |
| النوع≠ | Item-level bias detection across time | Measurement model testing |
| المصدر التأسيسي≠ | Millsap, R. E., & Kwok, O. M. (2004). Evaluating the impact of partial factorial measurement invariance on selection in two groups. Psychological Methods, 9(1), 93–115. DOI ↗ | Meredith, W. (1993). Measurement invariance, factor analysis and factorial invariance. Psychometrika, 58(4), 525–543. DOI ↗ |
| الأسماء البديلة | longitudinal DIF, DIF across time, temporal DIF, longitudinal item bias | LMI, longitudinal invariance, measurement equivalence across time, temporal measurement invariance |
| ذات صلة≠ | 6 | 3 |
| الملخص≠ | Longitudinal differential item functioning detects whether individual test or scale items behave differently across measurement occasions for the same respondents. It extends standard DIF methodology to repeated-measures designs, ensuring that observed change scores genuinely reflect construct change rather than shifts in item characteristics over time. | Longitudinal measurement invariance testing determines whether a psychological scale measures the same construct in the same way across two or more time points. It is a prerequisite for interpreting mean-level change scores in panel and repeated-measures studies, ensuring that observed change reflects true change in the construct rather than drift in the measurement instrument. |
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