قارن الطرق

	Livelihood Diversification Analysis	Seasonal Livelihood Analysis
المجال	Development Studies	Development Studies
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1998	1981
صاحب الطريقة	Frank Ellis; Christopher Barrett, Thomas Reardon & Patrick Webb	Robert Chambers, Richard Longhurst & Arnold Pacey; Stephen Devereux and colleagues
النوع	Quantitative and analytical method for studying livelihood portfolios	Analytical method for understanding intra-annual livelihood variation
المصدر التأسيسي	Ellis, F. (1998). Household strategies and rural livelihood diversification. The Journal of Development Studies, 35(1), 1-38.	Devereux, S., Sabates-Wheeler, R., & Longhurst, R. (Eds.). (2012). Seasonality, Rural Livelihoods and Development. London: Routledge/Earthscan. ISBN: 9781849714327
الأسماء البديلة	Income diversification analysis, Rural diversification analysis, Livelihood portfolio analysis, Diversification index analysis	Seasonality analysis, Seasonal livelihood programming, Hunger gap analysis, Seasonal vulnerability analysis
ذات صلة	4	4
الملخص	Livelihood diversification analysis studies how rural households spread their activities and income across multiple sources rather than relying on a single occupation or crop. Developed conceptually by Frank Ellis and refined empirically by Christopher Barrett, Thomas Reardon, and Patrick Webb, it combines the enumeration and classification of household income activities with quantitative measures of diversity — the number of income sources, the share of non-farm income, and concentration indices such as the Herfindahl or Simpson index — to characterise livelihood portfolios and distinguish diversification driven by distress from that driven by opportunity.	Seasonal livelihood analysis examines how poor households' livelihoods — their income, food access, labour demand, prices, debt, and exposure to hazards and disease — vary systematically across the months of the year rather than remaining constant. Rooted in the agenda set by Robert Chambers, Richard Longhurst, and Arnold Pacey in their 1981 work on seasonal dimensions to rural poverty and revived by Stephen Devereux and colleagues, it uses seasonal calendars to chart these intra-annual rhythms, locate the lean or 'hunger' season, and time interventions such as social protection so they reach people when need is greatest.