قارن الطرق

	Input-Output Life Cycle Assessment	Input-Output Multiplier Analysis
المجال	الاقتصاد	الاقتصاد
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	2006	1936
صاحب الطريقة	Hendrickson, Lave & Matthews (building on Leontief)	Wassily Leontief (multiplier formalization by Miller & Blair)
النوع	Input-output-based environmental life-cycle assessment	Linear impact-multiplier model derived from the Leontief inverse
المصدر التأسيسي	Hendrickson, C., Lave, L. B., & Matthews, H. S. (2006). Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Goods and Services: An Input-Output Approach. RFF Press. ISBN: 9781933115245	Miller, R. E., & Blair, P. D. (2009). Input-Output Analysis: Foundations and Extensions (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 9780521739023
الأسماء البديلة	IO-LCA, Economic Input-Output LCA, EIO-LCA, Hybrid Life Cycle Assessment	I-O Multipliers, Leontief Multipliers, Type I and Type II Multipliers, Output Multipliers
ذات صلة	4	4
الملخص	Input-output life cycle assessment (IO-LCA) estimates the environmental burdens of a product or service over its life cycle by representing it as a unit of final demand within an environmentally extended input-output model. Rather than mapping individual processes, it leverages the Leontief inverse to capture the complete, economy-wide supply chain at once, eliminating the truncation that limits process-based LCA. Popularized by Hendrickson, Lave, and Matthews, IO-LCA and its hybrid extensions are distinct from process LCA in scope, data, and the way system boundaries are drawn.	Input-output multiplier analysis converts the Leontief inverse into summary impact coefficients that answer how much total output, household income, or employment an economy generates per unit of final demand directed at a given sector. Building directly on Leontief's inter-industry accounting, it distinguishes the initial direct effect from the indirect supply-chain effect and, in the Type II form, the induced effect of household re-spending, yielding the multipliers that underpin most regional and project economic-impact studies.