قارن الطرق

	كانبان	التخطيط التجميعي	نموذج SCOR
المجال	إدارة العمليات	إدارة العمليات	إدارة العمليات
العائلة	Machine learning	Machine learning	Machine learning
سنة النشأة	1950	1992	1996
صاحب الطريقة	Taiichi Ohno	Wallace, T. F.	Pittiglio, Rabin, Todd & McGrath
النوع	Production control system	Demand-supply planning framework	Supply chain reference framework
المصدر التأسيسي	Ohno, T. (1988). Toyota production system: Beyond large-scale production. Cambridge, MA: Productivity Press.	Wallace, T. F. (1992). Sales & Operations Planning: The how-to handbook. Cincinnati: APICS Publications.	Stewart, G. (1997). Supply chain operations reference model: SCOR, logistics information management, Vol. 10 No. 5, pp. 62-74.
الأسماء البديلة	visual management, pull system	sales and operations planning, production planning	—
ذات صلة	5	5	5
الملخص	Kanban is a pull-based production control system developed by Taiichi Ohno at Toyota in the 1950s that uses visual signals (traditionally cards or bins) to trigger production and movement of materials based on actual demand rather than forecasts. The Japanese word 'kanban' means 'visual card' or 'sign,' and the system operates on the principle that work should flow in response to downstream requirements. Kanban is a foundational element of the Toyota Production System and lean manufacturing, enabling just-in-time production, reduced inventory, and improved flow efficiency.	Aggregate Planning (or Sales & Operations Planning, S&OP) is a collaborative, iterative process that balances demand and supply at a high level—typically grouping products into families and planning over a 3–18 month horizon. Developed formally by Tom Wallace and popularized through APICS, aggregate planning helps organizations align sales forecasts, production capacity, inventory, and workforce to meet demand efficiently while managing costs. It serves as the bridge between strategic business plans and detailed operational execution.	The Supply Chain Operations Reference Model is a standardized framework for supply chain management developed by the Supply Chain Council (now APICS) in 1996. SCOR provides a structured approach to identify, evaluate, and improve supply chain processes across organizations, regardless of industry. It integrates planning, sourcing, manufacturing, delivery, and returns into a coherent operational model.