قارن الطرق

	تجميع K-means	التعلم ذاتي الإشراف
المجال	تعلم الآلة	تعلم الآلة
العائلة	Machine learning	Machine learning
سنة النشأة	1967 (formalized 1982)	2018–2020
صاحب الطريقة	MacQueen, J. B.; Lloyd, S. P.	LeCun, Y. and community (formalized ~2018–2020)
النوع	Partitional clustering	Representation learning paradigm
المصدر التأسيسي	Lloyd, S. P. (1982). Least squares quantization in PCM. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 28(2), 129–137.	LeCun, Y. & Misra, I. (2022). Self-supervised learning: The dark matter of intelligence. Meta AI Blog. https://ai.facebook.com/blog/self-supervised-learning-the-dark-matter-of-intelligence/
الأسماء البديلة	k-means clustering, Lloyd's algorithm, k-means partitioning, hard k-means	SSL, self-supervised pre-training, pretext-task learning, unsupervised representation learning
ذات صلة	4	3
الملخص	K-means is a classic unsupervised partitional clustering algorithm that divides a dataset into K non-overlapping groups by iteratively assigning each observation to its nearest centroid and updating centroids as the mean of their assigned points. It is one of the most widely used exploratory tools in machine learning and data analysis.	Self-supervised learning (SSL) is a machine-learning paradigm that generates its own supervisory signal directly from unlabeled data by defining an auxiliary pretext task — such as predicting masked words, rotating images, or contrasting augmented views — and uses the learned representations as a powerful starting point for downstream tasks with minimal labeled examples.