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| نظرية الاستجابة للمفردة (IRT)× | تحليل العوامل التأكيدي (CFA)× | |
|---|---|---|
| المجال | القياس النفسي | القياس النفسي |
| العائلة | Latent structure | Latent structure |
| سنة النشأة≠ | 1952–1968 | 1969 |
| صاحب الطريقة≠ | Frederic M. Lord (and Allan Birnbaum for the 2PL/3PL models) | Karl Gustav Jöreskog |
| النوع≠ | Probabilistic measurement model | Hypothesis-testing latent variable model |
| المصدر التأسيسي≠ | Lord, F. M. & Novick, M. R. (1968). Statistical Theories of Mental Test Scores. Addison-Wesley. link ↗ | Jöreskog, K. G. (1969). A general approach to confirmatory maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika, 34(2), 183–202. DOI ↗ |
| الأسماء البديلة | IRT, latent trait theory, item characteristic curve theory, modern test theory | CFA, confirmatory FA, measurement model, restricted factor analysis |
| ذات صلة≠ | 5 | 4 |
| الملخص≠ | Item response theory models the probability that a respondent answers an item correctly (or endorses it) as a function of the respondent's latent trait level and the item's own statistical properties — difficulty, discrimination, and guessing. Unlike classical test theory, IRT places persons and items on the same scale, yielding measurement that is sample-independent for items and test-independent for persons. | Confirmatory factor analysis tests a researcher-specified factor structure against observed data. Unlike exploratory approaches, the researcher decides in advance which indicators load on which latent factor, and the model is evaluated by how closely the implied covariance matrix reproduces the sample covariance matrix. CFA is central to scale validation, construct validity assessment, and measurement invariance testing. |
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