قارن الطرق

	Isolation Index	Index of Dissimilarity	Lorenz Curve
المجال	Sociology	Sociology	Sociology
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1954	1955	1905
صاحب الطريقة	Wendell Bell (formalization of P* indices)	Otis Dudley Duncan & Beverly Duncan	Max Otto Lorenz
النوع	Exposure-dimension segregation index	Index of evenness of two groups across units	Graphical representation of distributional inequality
المصدر التأسيسي	Bell, W. (1954). A probability model for the measurement of ecological segregation. Social Forces, 32(4), 357–364.	Duncan, O. D., & Duncan, B. (1955). A methodological analysis of segregation indexes. American Sociological Review, 20(2), 210–217.	Lorenz, M. O. (1905). Methods of measuring the concentration of wealth. Publications of the American Statistical Association, 9(70), 209–219.
الأسماء البديلة	P* isolation index, interaction index, exposure index, Bell isolation index	dissimilarity index, Duncan index, D index, segregation index	Lorenz concentration curve, Lorenz diagram, cumulative share curve
ذات صلة	5	5	5
الملخص	The isolation index measures the exposure dimension of segregation: the extent to which members of a minority group are exposed only to one another rather than to members of other groups. It answers the question 'what is the own-group share of the typical neighbor (or classmate, or coworker) that a member of the focal group encounters?' Unlike evenness measures, it depends on the relative size of the group as well as its spatial distribution.	The index of dissimilarity, often called the Duncan segregation index, measures how unevenly two groups — such as two racial or occupational groups — are distributed across a set of units like neighborhoods, schools, or occupations. It ranges from 0, when both groups have identical distributions across units, to 1, when the units are completely segregated, and has the intuitive interpretation of the share of one group that would have to relocate to achieve an even distribution.	The Lorenz curve is a graphical device that displays the full shape of inequality in a distribution by plotting the cumulative share of a quantity (such as income) held by the cumulative share of the population, ranked from poorest to richest. Introduced by Max Lorenz in 1905, it underlies the Gini coefficient and provides the basis for ranking distributions by inequality when one curve lies entirely above another.