قارن الطرق

	Isolation Index	Atkinson Index	Index of Dissimilarity
المجال	Sociology	Sociology	Sociology
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1954	1970	1955
صاحب الطريقة	Wendell Bell (formalization of P* indices)	Anthony Barnes Atkinson	Otis Dudley Duncan & Beverly Duncan
النوع	Exposure-dimension segregation index	Welfare-based, parameterized inequality index	Index of evenness of two groups across units
المصدر التأسيسي	Bell, W. (1954). A probability model for the measurement of ecological segregation. Social Forces, 32(4), 357–364.	Atkinson, A. B. (1970). On the measurement of inequality. Journal of Economic Theory, 2(3), 244–263.	Duncan, O. D., & Duncan, B. (1955). A methodological analysis of segregation indexes. American Sociological Review, 20(2), 210–217.
الأسماء البديلة	P* isolation index, interaction index, exposure index, Bell isolation index	Atkinson inequality measure, Atkinson's A, welfare-based inequality index	dissimilarity index, Duncan index, D index, segregation index
ذات صلة	5	5	5
الملخص	The isolation index measures the exposure dimension of segregation: the extent to which members of a minority group are exposed only to one another rather than to members of other groups. It answers the question 'what is the own-group share of the typical neighbor (or classmate, or coworker) that a member of the focal group encounters?' Unlike evenness measures, it depends on the relative size of the group as well as its spatial distribution.	The Atkinson index is a welfare-based measure of inequality that incorporates an explicit, analyst-chosen parameter for how much society dislikes inequality. Introduced by Anthony Atkinson in 1970, it asks what fraction of total income could be discarded, under an equal distribution, while leaving social welfare unchanged — making the ethical judgement behind any inequality comparison transparent rather than hidden.	The index of dissimilarity, often called the Duncan segregation index, measures how unevenly two groups — such as two racial or occupational groups — are distributed across a set of units like neighborhoods, schools, or occupations. It ranges from 0, when both groups have identical distributions across units, to 1, when the units are completely segregated, and has the intuitive interpretation of the share of one group that would have to relocate to achieve an even distribution.