قارن الطرق

	الموثوقية بين المقيمين (كابا كوهين ومعامل الارتباط داخل الفئة)	تحليل مقارنة الطرق بطريقة بلاند-ألتمن	ألفا كرونباخ (تحليل الموثوقية)
المجال	القياس النفسي	الإحصاء	الإحصاء
العائلة	Latent structure	Hypothesis test	Latent structure
سنة النشأة	1960 (kappa); 1979 (ICC)	1986	1951
صاحب الطريقة	Cohen (kappa, 1960); Shrout & Fleiss (ICC, 1979)	J. Martin Bland & Douglas G. Altman	Lee J. Cronbach
النوع	Reliability / agreement analysis	Graphical and statistical method comparison	Reliability / internal consistency coefficient
المصدر التأسيسي	Cohen, J. (1960). A Coefficient of Agreement for Nominal Scales. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 20(1), 37–46.	Bland, J.M. & Altman, D.G. (1986). Statistical Methods for Assessing Agreement Between Two Methods of Clinical Measurement. Lancet, 327(8476), 307–310.	Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16(3), 297–334.
الأسماء البديلة	inter-rater reliability, interrater agreement, rater agreement, Değerlendiriciler Arası Güvenilirlik (Cohen's κ, ICC)	Bland-Altman plot, limits of agreement analysis, method agreement analysis, Bland-Altman Uyum Analizi	coefficient alpha, alpha reliability, internal consistency reliability, Güvenilirlik Analizi (Cronbach Alpha)
ذات صلة	6	5	4
الملخص	Interrater reliability quantifies the degree to which two or more independent raters produce consistent scores when evaluating the same individuals or products. The family encompasses Cohen's kappa, introduced in 1960 for categorical judgments, and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for continuous ratings, together spanning most measurement scenarios encountered in behavioral, health, and educational research.	The Bland-Altman analysis is a graphical and statistical technique for assessing agreement between two measurement methods applied to the same subjects. Introduced by J. Martin Bland and Douglas G. Altman in their landmark 1986 Lancet paper, it plots the difference between the two methods against their mean for each subject, and derives the bias (mean difference) along with limits of agreement (LoA) that capture 95% of differences in the population.	Cronbach's alpha is a coefficient of internal consistency that quantifies the degree to which a set of items on a scale measures the same underlying construct. Introduced by Lee J. Cronbach in 1951, it remains the most widely reported reliability index in social-science, health, and educational research.