قارن الطرق

	Intergroup Threat Scale	Symbolic Racism 2000 Scale
المجال	علم النفس السياسي	علم النفس السياسي
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1999	2002
صاحب الطريقة	Walter G. Stephan & Cookie White Stephan	P. J. Henry & David O. Sears
النوع	Self-report attitude scale	Self-report attitude scale
المصدر التأسيسي	Stephan, W. G., Ybarra, O., & Bachman, G. (1999). Prejudice toward immigrants. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 29(11), 2221-2237.	Henry, P. J., & Sears, D. O. (2002). The Symbolic Racism 2000 Scale. Political Psychology, 23(2), 253-283.
الأسماء البديلة	Integrated Threat Scale, Realistic and Symbolic Threat Scale, Perceived Threat Scale	SR2K, Symbolic Racism Scale, Racial Resentment Scale, Modern Racism Scale
ذات صلة	4	4
الملخص	The Intergroup Threat Scale operationalizes intergroup (originally integrated) threat theory (Stephan & Stephan), which holds that prejudice toward an out-group arises from perceived realistic threats (to the in-group's resources, power, or welfare) and symbolic threats (to its values, beliefs, and worldview). It is a self-report measure widely used to explain attitudes toward immigrants and other out-groups in political psychology.	The Symbolic Racism 2000 Scale (SR2K), developed by Henry and Sears (2002), is an 8-item self-report measure of symbolic racism, a contemporary, subtle form of anti-Black prejudice that blends early-learned negative affect toward a group with traditional moral values such as individualism and the work ethic. It descends from the symbolic-racism construct introduced by Kinder and Sears (1981) and is closely related to the racial-resentment battery used in the American National Election Studies.