قارن الطرق

	لجنة مراجعة المؤسسات	إعلان هلسنكي
المجال	أخلاقيات البحث	أخلاقيات البحث
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1974	1964
صاحب الطريقة	U.S. Federal Requirement (National Research Act 1974); International adoption by WMA and research institutions globally	World Medical Association (WMA)
النوع	Standard	Framework
المصدر التأسيسي	U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 45, Part 46: Protection of Human Subjects. Office of the Federal Register.	World Medical Association. (2013). World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects. JAMA, 310(20), 2191–2194.
الأسماء البديلة	IRB, Research Ethics Committee, REC	DoH, Helsinki Declaration
ذات صلة	4	4
الملخص	The Institutional Review Board (IRB) is the independent ethics committee established at research institutions to review and approve human subjects research, ensuring compliance with ethical principles and federal regulations. Created as a legal requirement by the U.S. National Research Act (1974) and now adopted globally, the IRB serves as the primary mechanism for protecting research subjects while enabling legitimate research to proceed. No human subjects research can begin without IRB approval.	The Declaration of Helsinki (1964) is the foundational international ethical code for medical research involving human subjects, established by the World Medical Association. It extended earlier principles (Nuremberg Code 1947) to include therapeutic research and formalized the physician's ethical duty to prioritize subject welfare. Updated nine times through 2013, it remains the standard adopted by major medical journals, research ethics committees, and regulatory bodies worldwide.