قارن الطرق

	Input-Output Multiplier Analysis	Leontief Price Model
المجال	الاقتصاد	الاقتصاد
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1936	1936
صاحب الطريقة	Wassily Leontief (multiplier formalization by Miller & Blair)	Wassily Leontief (price dual formalized by Miller & Blair)
النوع	Linear impact-multiplier model derived from the Leontief inverse	Linear cost-push price model dual to the quantity input-output system
المصدر التأسيسي	Miller, R. E., & Blair, P. D. (2009). Input-Output Analysis: Foundations and Extensions (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 9780521739023	Miller, R. E., & Blair, P. D. (2009). Input-Output Analysis: Foundations and Extensions (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 9780521739023
الأسماء البديلة	I-O Multipliers, Leontief Multipliers, Type I and Type II Multipliers, Output Multipliers	I-O Price Model, Dual Input-Output Model, Cost-Push Price Model, Input-Output Price Equation
ذات صلة	4	4
الملخص	Input-output multiplier analysis converts the Leontief inverse into summary impact coefficients that answer how much total output, household income, or employment an economy generates per unit of final demand directed at a given sector. Building directly on Leontief's inter-industry accounting, it distinguishes the initial direct effect from the indirect supply-chain effect and, in the Type II form, the induced effect of household re-spending, yielding the multipliers that underpin most regional and project economic-impact studies.	The Leontief price model is the cost-side dual of the quantity input-output system: instead of asking how much each sector must produce to meet final demand, it asks what unit price each sector must charge to cover its intermediate-input costs plus its primary-input (value-added) payments. Solving the dual equation p' = p'A + v' gives p' = v'(I − A)^{-1}, so the same Leontief inverse that propagates quantities also propagates costs, making the model the standard tool for tracing how a change in wages, taxes, or imported-input prices pushes through the entire price structure.