قارن الطرق

	Input-Output Multiplier Analysis	Environmentally Extended Input-Output Analysis
المجال	الاقتصاد	الاقتصاد
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1936	1970
صاحب الطريقة	Wassily Leontief (multiplier formalization by Miller & Blair)	Wassily Leontief
النوع	Linear impact-multiplier model derived from the Leontief inverse	Input-output model augmented with environmental satellite accounts
المصدر التأسيسي	Miller, R. E., & Blair, P. D. (2009). Input-Output Analysis: Foundations and Extensions (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 9780521739023	Leontief, W. (1970). Environmental repercussions and the economic structure: an input-output approach. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 52(3), 262–271.
الأسماء البديلة	I-O Multipliers, Leontief Multipliers, Type I and Type II Multipliers, Output Multipliers	EEIO, Environmental Input-Output Analysis, Pollution Input-Output Model, Footprint Input-Output Analysis
ذات صلة	4	4
الملخص	Input-output multiplier analysis converts the Leontief inverse into summary impact coefficients that answer how much total output, household income, or employment an economy generates per unit of final demand directed at a given sector. Building directly on Leontief's inter-industry accounting, it distinguishes the initial direct effect from the indirect supply-chain effect and, in the Type II form, the induced effect of household re-spending, yielding the multipliers that underpin most regional and project economic-impact studies.	Environmentally extended input-output (EEIO) analysis appends satellite accounts of physical environmental flows — greenhouse-gas emissions, energy, water, land, and materials — to a monetary input-output table so that environmental burdens can be allocated through supply chains to the final demand that ultimately drives them. By multiplying direct environmental-intensity coefficients by the Leontief inverse, EEIO computes the total burden embodied in each unit of final demand, providing the standard framework for consumption-based carbon footprints and emissions embodied in trade.