قارن الطرق

	Innovation System Functions Analysis	Strategic Niche Management
المجال	Science Technology Studies	Science Technology Studies
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	2007	1998
صاحب الطريقة	Marko Hekkert, Roald Suurs and colleagues	René Kemp, Johan Schot & Remco Hoogma
النوع	Functional analysis framework with event-history method	Conceptual framework and analytic method for managing innovation niches
المصدر التأسيسي	Hekkert, M. P., Suurs, R. A. A., Negro, S. O., Kuhlmann, S., & Smits, R. E. H. M. (2007). Functions of innovation systems: a new approach for analysing technological change. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 74(4), 413-432.	Kemp, R., Schot, J., & Hoogma, R. (1998). Regime shifts to sustainability through processes of niche formation: the approach of strategic niche management. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 10(2), 175-198.
الأسماء البديلة	Functions of innovation systems, Seven functions approach, Event-history innovation analysis	SNM, Niche management approach, Protective space analysis
ذات صلة	4	4
الملخص	Functions of Innovation Systems analysis explains technological change by examining how well an innovation system performs seven key functions—entrepreneurial activities, knowledge development, knowledge diffusion, guidance of the search, market formation, resource mobilisation, and the creation of legitimacy. Associated with Hekkert, Suurs, and colleagues at Utrecht, the approach operationalises these functions through event-history analysis: a chronological dataset of innovation events is coded, functional performance is tracked over time, and the reinforcing feedback loops—the 'motors' of cumulative causation—that drive a system's rise or stagnation are identified.	Strategic Niche Management (SNM) is a framework for understanding and supporting the early development of radical, sustainable innovations by nurturing them in protected spaces—niches—shielded from the full selection pressure of the prevailing market and regime. It zooms into the niche level of transition theory and identifies three internal processes that determine whether an innovation gathers momentum: the articulation of expectations and visions, the building of broad social networks, and learning across multiple dimensions through real-world experiments.