قارن الطرق

	اختبار ت للعينات المستقلة	تقدير الاحتمالية القصوى
المجال	الإحصاء	الإحصاء
العائلة	Hypothesis test	Regression model
سنة النشأة	1908	1922
صاحب الطريقة	Student (W. S. Gosset)	R. A. Fisher
النوع	Parametric mean comparison	Parametric point estimator
المصدر التأسيسي	Student (1908). The probable error of a mean. Biometrika, 6(1), 1–25.	Fisher, R. A. (1922). On the mathematical foundations of theoretical statistics. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series A, 222, 309–368.
الأسماء البديلة	student t-test, two-sample t-test, unpaired t-test, bağımsız örneklem t-testi	MLE, maximum-likelihood estimator, ML estimation, Fisher's method of maximum likelihood
ذات صلة	4	4
الملخص	The independent samples t-test is a parametric hypothesis test that compares the means of two independent groups to decide whether they differ significantly. It builds on the t-distribution introduced by Student (W. S. Gosset) in 1908 and assumes the measured values are continuous, approximately normally distributed, and have equal variances.	Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) is a general-purpose parametric method for estimating the unknown parameters of a statistical model by finding the parameter values that make the observed data most probable. Formalized by R. A. Fisher in his landmark 1922 paper in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, MLE has become the dominant parameter-estimation paradigm in modern statistics and is the foundational engine behind logistic regression, generalized linear models, structural equation modeling, and virtually all parametric inference procedures.