قارن الطرق

	Ideological Constraint Analysis	Political Sophistication Measurement
المجال	علم النفس السياسي	علم النفس السياسي
العائلة	Latent structure	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1964	1987
صاحب الطريقة	Philip E. Converse	Robert C. Luskin & John Zaller
النوع	Belief-system structure analysis	Composite cognitive index
المصدر التأسيسي	Converse, P. E. (1964). The nature of belief systems in mass publics. In D. E. Apter (Ed.), Ideology and Discontent (pp. 206-261). New York: Free Press. ISBN: 9780029006702	Zaller, J. R. (1992). The nature and origins of mass opinion. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 9780521407861
الأسماء البديلة	Belief System Constraint, Attitude Constraint Analysis, Issue Consistency Analysis	Political Awareness Index, Political Expertise Measure, Cognitive Sophistication Index
ذات صلة	4	4
الملخص	Ideological constraint analysis measures the degree to which an individual's or a public's political attitudes hang together in a coherent, predictable structure, the extent to which knowing a person's position on one issue lets you predict their positions on others. Introduced by Converse (1964) as the defining feature of a belief system, it is assessed through inter-item correlations, factor/latent-dimension models, and constraint indices.	Political sophistication measurement assesses the size, range, and organization of an individual's political belief system, the degree to which a person's political cognitions are numerous, wide-ranging, and well integrated. Luskin (1987) developed rigorous operationalizations, and Zaller (1992) showed that political awareness, his preferred sophistication indicator, governs how citizens receive and accept political messages.