قارن الطرق

	الانتحال الفكري أو انتحال المفاهيم	السرقة الأدبية بالصياغة	التمييز بين التشابه والانتحال: فهم الفرق
المجال	أخلاقيات البحث	أخلاقيات البحث	أخلاقيات البحث
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1980s	1980s	2000s
صاحب الطريقة	Academic integrity framework (modern definition)	Academic integrity framework (modern definition)	Academic integrity frameworks and plagiarism detection software companies
النوع	Concept	Concept	Concept
المصدر التأسيسي	Hirsch, L. R. (2013). Recognizing plagiarism: A guide for academic professionals. Teaching Professor Blog.	Roig, M. (2015). Avoiding plagiarism, self-plagiarism, and other questionable writing practices: A guide to ethical writing. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of Research Integrity.	Hirsch, L. R. (2013). Recognizing plagiarism: A guide for academic professionals. Teaching Professor Blog.
الأسماء البديلة	conceptual plagiarism, idea theft, intellectual theft	insufficient paraphrase, close paraphrase, lazy paraphrasing	similarity index, turnitin score, similarity percentage
ذات صلة	3	4	4
الملخص	Idea plagiarism, or conceptual plagiarism, occurs when an author takes another's ideas, arguments, theories, or conceptual frameworks and presents them as original work without crediting the source. Unlike verbatim or paraphrasing plagiarism (which involve copying language), idea plagiarism involves taking the intellectual content itself—the argument, theory, or framework—regardless of how it is worded. It is the hardest form of plagiarism to detect because it does not require word-for-word copying.	Paraphrasing plagiarism occurs when an author rewrites another's ideas in different words but does not cite the source. Unlike verbatim plagiarism (copying word-for-word), paraphrasing plagiarism involves changing vocabulary and sentence structure while retaining the original argument, logic, or conceptual content without attribution. It is harder to detect than direct copying but is still a clear violation of academic integrity.	A critical distinction exists between similarity percentages generated by plagiarism detection software (Turnitin, iThenticate) and an actual plagiarism verdict. A similarity index is a red flag requiring review; it is not a plagiarism determination. High similarity can result from legitimate quotations, references, shared technical language, or common knowledge. Conversely, low similarity does not guarantee absence of plagiarism. Human expert judgment is essential—similarity detection software provides data, not judgment.