قارن الطرق

	Horizon Scanning	Technology Delphi
المجال	Science Technology Studies	Science Technology Studies
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	2009	1975
صاحب الطريقة	William J. Sutherland, Effie Amanatidou, and the foresight/scanning community	Helmer & Dalkey (RAND); national applications by NISTEP (Japan) and Cuhls (Germany)
النوع	Systematic search-and-detection process	Iterative structured expert-survey process
المصدر التأسيسي	Sutherland, W. J., & Woodroof, H. J. (2009). The need for environmental horizon scanning. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 24(10), 523-527.	Linstone, H. A., & Turoff, M. (Eds.). (1975). The Delphi Method: Techniques and Applications. Addison-Wesley. ISBN: 9780201042948
الأسماء البديلة	Environmental scanning, Weak-signal detection, Emerging-issues analysis	Technology Delphi survey, Foresight Delphi, National Delphi forecast
ذات صلة	4	4
الملخص	Horizon scanning is the systematic examination of information to detect early signs of potentially important developments—weak signals, emerging issues, and wild cards—before they become obvious or fully formed. By surveying a wide range of sources at the edge of current attention, it gives decision-makers advance warning of opportunities and threats and supplies the raw material for foresight, scenario building, and anticipatory policy.	The technology Delphi is a large-scale, multi-round expert survey used to forecast the timing, importance, and feasibility of future technological developments. Built on the classic Delphi principles of anonymity, iteration, controlled feedback, and statistical aggregation, it elicits judgements from hundreds or thousands of experts on a structured list of technology statements and converges them, round by round, into a collective forecast that informs national and organisational science and technology priorities.