قارن الطرق

	تصميم البنية التحتية الخضراء	نمذجة انتشار الهواء
المجال	الهندسة البيئية	الهندسة البيئية
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	2000	1961
صاحب الطريقة	Urban planners and landscape architects	Pasquill and Gifford
النوع	integrated design and planning pipeline	mathematical simulation pipeline
المصدر التأسيسي	Freeman, R. C. (2005). Green Infrastructure: Intelligent Landscapes for the Twenty-First Century. Routledge. ISBN: 978-0415772662	Pasquill, F. (1974). Atmospheric Diffusion: The Dispersion of Windborne Material from Industrial and Other Sources (2nd ed.). Ellis Horwood Limited. ISBN: 978-0470657034
الأسماء البديلة	GI design, natural infrastructure, nature-based solutions, ecosystem-based adaptation	air quality modeling, plume modeling, atmospheric transport, emission dispersion
ذات صلة	3	4
الملخص	Green infrastructure (GI) design is the planning and implementation of natural or nature-based systems (vegetation, soils, water bodies) integrated into urban environments to provide multiple ecosystem services: stormwater management, air quality improvement, heat island mitigation, biodiversity habitat, recreation, and social well-being. Emerged in the 2000s as a sustainability paradigm, green infrastructure combines landscape design, hydrology, ecology, and urban planning to create multifunctional spaces that serve practical and aesthetic goals.	Air dispersion modeling is a quantitative method to predict the concentration and deposition of air pollutants (dust, gases, particulates) released from industrial sources, traffic, or combustion. Developed empirically by Pasquill and Gifford in the 1960s and formalized into the Gaussian plume model, these methods predict ground-level concentration downwind of a source using wind speed, stability class, source height, and meteorological data. Air dispersion models are essential tools for regulatory compliance, emission permitting, and exposure assessment.