قارن الطرق

	المساعدة بالجاذبية	محاكاة الأجسام المتعددة (N-Body Simulation)
المجال	الفيزياء التطبيقية	الفيزياء التطبيقية
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1961	1687
صاحب الطريقة	Michael Minovitch	Isaac Newton
النوع	Orbital maneuver technique	Computational simulation algorithm
المصدر التأسيسي	Minovitch, M. A. (1961). The determination and characteristics of ballistic interplanetary trajectories under the influence of multiple planetary gravitational fields. Technical Report 32-464, Jet Propulsion Laboratory.	Poincaré, H. (1892). Les méthodes nouvelles de la mécanique céleste. Gauthier-Villars.
الأسماء البديلة	swing-by, gravitational slingshot	gravitational N-body problem, many-body simulation
ذات صلة	4	5
الملخص	A gravity assist (or swing-by) maneuver uses the gravitational field of a planet or other celestial body to alter a spacecraft's trajectory and velocity without expending fuel. Discovered by Michael Minovitch at JPL in 1961, this technique is crucial for reaching distant planets economically. It works by exploiting the relative motion between the spacecraft, the assisting body, and the Sun.	N-body simulation is a computational method for modeling the dynamics of a system of particles under mutual gravitational forces. Originating from Newton's laws of motion and gravitation, it solves the fundamental equations of celestial mechanics. This technique is essential for understanding planetary orbits, star cluster evolution, and cosmological structure formation.