قارن الطرق

	نموذج الاستجابة المتدرجة (GRM)	نموذج لوجستي ثلاثي المعلمات لنظرية الاستجابة للمفردة (3PL)
المجال	القياس النفسي	القياس النفسي
العائلة	Latent structure	Latent structure
سنة النشأة	1969	1968
صاحب الطريقة	Fumiko Samejima	Allan Birnbaum
النوع	Item response theory / polytomous IRT model	Item response model / latent trait model
المصدر التأسيسي	Samejima, F. (1969). Estimation of Latent Ability Using a Response Pattern of Graded Scores. Psychometrika Monograph Supplement, No. 17.	Birnbaum, A. (1968). Some latent trait models and their use in inferring an examinee's ability. In F. M. Lord & M. R. Novick (Eds.), Statistical theories of mental test scores (pp. 397–479). Addison-Wesley.
الأسماء البديلة	Samejima's GRM, Derecelendirilmiş Tepki Modeli (GRM), graded IRT model	3PL IRT — Üç Parametreli Madde Tepki Modeli, three-parameter logistic model, 3PLM, Birnbaum model
ذات صلة	7	5
الملخص	The Graded Response Model is an item response theory model developed by Fumiko Samejima in 1969 for ordered polytomous items such as Likert-type scales. It estimates both the discriminating power of each item and a set of threshold parameters marking the boundaries between adjacent response categories, while simultaneously placing persons on a continuous latent trait scale.	The three-parameter logistic (3PL) model, introduced by Allan Birnbaum in 1968, is an item response theory model that describes the probability of a correct response to a binary test item as a function of three item-level parameters — difficulty, discrimination, and a lower asymptote representing guessing — and one person-level parameter representing latent ability.