قارن الطرق

	نموذج اللوحة المكانية العالمي	نموذج الخطأ المكاني (SEM)
المجال	التحليل المكاني	التحليل المكاني
العائلة	Regression model	Regression model
سنة النشأة	2003-2010	1988
صاحب الطريقة	Elhorst, J. P.; Lee, L. F. & Yu, J.	Anselin
النوع	Spatial panel regression	Spatial regression (spatially autocorrelated errors)
المصدر التأسيسي	Elhorst, J. P. (2014). Spatial Econometrics: From Cross-Sectional Data to Spatial Panels. Springer. ISBN: 978-3642403408	Anselin, L. (1988). Spatial Econometrics: Methods and Models. Kluwer Academic.
الأسماء البديلة	spatial panel model with global weights, global spatial panel regression, spatial panel data model, GSPM	SEM, spatial error regression, spatial autoregressive error model, Uzamsal Hata Modeli (SEM / Spatial Error)
ذات صلة	4	5
الملخص	The Global Spatial Panel Model extends panel data regression by incorporating a global spatial weights matrix that links every location to every other location simultaneously. It jointly accounts for cross-sectional spatial dependence, time-series dynamics, and individual fixed or random effects, making it the standard workhorse for panel data when spatial spillovers operate across the full study region.	The Spatial Error Model, developed within Anselin's spatial econometrics framework (1988), is a regression model that assumes spatial dependence enters through the error term: the disturbances of neighbouring units are correlated. It is used when unobserved shared factors make the errors of nearby observations move together, and it is estimated by maximum likelihood or GMM rather than ordinary least squares.