قارن الطرق

	نموذج الخطأ المكاني العام (SEM)	مؤشر موران I
المجال	التحليل المكاني	التحليل المكاني
العائلة	Regression model	Regression model
سنة النشأة	1988	1950
صاحب الطريقة	Luc Anselin	Patrick A. P. Moran
النوع	Spatial regression model	Spatial autocorrelation statistic
المصدر التأسيسي	Anselin, L. (1988). Spatial Econometrics: Methods and Models. Kluwer Academic Publishers. ISBN: 978-9024737322	Moran, P. A. P. (1950). Notes on continuous stochastic phenomena. Biometrika, 37(1/2), 17–23.
الأسماء البديلة	SEM, spatial error model, spatial error regression, global SEM	Moran's I statistic, global Moran's I, spatial autocorrelation index, Moran index
ذات صلة	5	6
الملخص	The Global Spatial Error Model (SEM) is a spatial regression technique that accounts for spatially autocorrelated error terms using a single, globally constant spatial parameter. It separates genuine predictor effects from spatial nuisance dependence in the residuals, yielding unbiased and efficient coefficient estimates when spatial error correlation is present across all observations.	Moran's I is the standard global statistic for detecting spatial autocorrelation: whether nearby locations tend to share similar values. The index ranges from approximately −1 (perfect dispersion) through 0 (spatial randomness) to +1 (perfect clustering), allowing researchers to test whether a geographic pattern differs from complete spatial randomness with a single, interpretable number.