قارن الطرق

	تحليل القرار متعدد المعايير المستند إلى نظم المعلومات الجغرافية (GIS-MCDA)	البرمجة الصحيحة	تحليل المسار الأقل تكلفة / تحليل المسافة والتكلفة
المجال	التحليل المكاني	التحسين	التحليل المكاني
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	2006	1958	1994
صاحب الطريقة	Jacek Malczewski (GIS-MCDA synthesis)	Ralph Gomory (cutting planes, 1958); land-and-doig branch-and-bound (1960)	Edsger Dijkstra (shortest path); GIS cost-surface adaptation
النوع	Spatial multi-criteria suitability/decision analysis	Mathematical optimisation — exact combinatorial method	Raster cost-surface routing
المصدر التأسيسي	Malczewski, J. (2006). GIS-based multicriteria decision analysis: a survey of the literature. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 20(7), 703–726.	Wolsey, L.A. (1998). Integer Programming. Wiley. ISBN: 9780471283669	Dijkstra, E. W. (1959). A note on two problems in connexion with graphs. Numerische Mathematik, 1(1), 269–271.
الأسماء البديلة	GIS-MCDM, spatial multi-criteria analysis, GIS-AHP, weighted overlay suitability	IP, MIP, mixed-integer programming, mixed-integer linear programming	cost-distance analysis, accumulated cost surface, least-cost corridor, en düşük maliyetli yol
ذات صلة	4	4	3
الملخص	GIS-MCDA combines the map layers of a geographic information system with multi-criteria decision analysis to produce suitability or priority maps — ranking locations by how well they satisfy several weighted criteria at once. It is the standard framework for spatial decisions such as siting hospitals, solar farms, landfills, or evacuation areas, integrating methods like AHP, TOPSIS, and weighted overlay with spatial data.	Integer programming (IP), also called mixed-integer programming (MIP) when only some variables are restricted to whole numbers, is a branch of mathematical optimisation in which some or all decision variables must take integer or binary values. Building on linear programming, it was formalised through Ralph Gomory's cutting-plane method (1958) and the Land-and-Doig branch-and-bound algorithm (1960), and it has since become the standard exact framework for scheduling, assignment, routing, and resource-allocation problems.	Least-cost path analysis finds the route between two locations that minimizes accumulated travel cost across a landscape, rather than minimizing straight-line distance. By encoding terrain, slope, land cover, and other frictions into a cost surface and accumulating cost outward from a source, it identifies optimal corridors for roads, pipelines, trails, power lines, and wildlife movement — a core raster-GIS technique built on Dijkstra's shortest-path logic.