قارن الطرق

	التنميط الجغرافي	تحليل الشبكات للقضايا القانونية
المجال	الطب الشرعي	الطب الشرعي
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1994	2011
صاحب الطريقة	David Canter	James Fowler
النوع	Geographic and spatial analytics method	Network science and legal informatics method
المصدر التأسيسي	Canter, D. V., & Hammond, L. (1994). Picking up the pieces: The identification of glass sources in forensic enquiries. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 39(4), 1018-1034.	Lupo, G., & Bailey, J. (2014). Artificial intelligence and legal practice. Academic Press.
الأسماء البديلة	spatial crime analysis, crime hotspot mapping	citation network analysis, legal precedent mapping, case law graph analysis
ذات صلة	3	3
الملخص	Geographic profiling is a spatial analysis method used in forensic investigation to locate offenders based on the locations of their crimes. Developed by David Canter in 1994, it combines geostatistics, probability theory, and crime pattern analysis to identify high-probability crime origin zones. The method has been widely adopted in law enforcement agencies across North America and Europe.	Network analysis of case law applies graph-theoretic and network science methods to study the structure and dynamics of legal precedent systems. Developed systematically by James Fowler and colleagues in 2011, this method treats legal citations as directed edges in a network where nodes represent court decisions and edges represent precedent relationships. By analyzing the topology of these networks, researchers uncover patterns in how law evolves, which precedents are most influential, and how legal doctrine spreads across jurisdictions.