قارن الطرق

	مقياس الكفاءة الذاتية العام (GSE)	مقياس روزنبرغ للتقدير الذاتي
المجال	علم النفس الاجتماعي	علم النفس الاجتماعي
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1995	1965
صاحب الطريقة	Ralf Schwarzer and Matthias Jerusalem	Morris Rosenberg
النوع	Generalized self-efficacy and coping capacity measure	Self-esteem assessment scale
المصدر التأسيسي	Schwarzer, R., & Jerusalem, M. (1995). Generalized Self-Efficacy scale. In J. Weinman, S. Wright, & M. Johnston (Eds.), Measures in health psychology: A user's portfolio. Causal and control beliefs (pp. 35–37). NFER-Nelson. ISBN: 978-0700522286	Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton University Press. ISBN: 978-0-691-09675-5
الأسماء البديلة	GSE, Schwarzer Self-Efficacy, General Self-Efficacy	RSES, Rosenberg Scale, Self-Esteem Scale
ذات صلة	3	3
الملخص	The General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) is a 10-item measure assessing beliefs in one's ability to handle difficult situations and to cope with challenges through adaptive effort. Developed by Ralf Schwarzer and Matthias Jerusalem in the mid-1990s, the GSE operationalizes self-efficacy as a generalized confidence in one's capacity to manage stressors across diverse situations, rather than task-specific confidence. The scale has become widely used in health psychology, occupational research, and studies examining resilience and adaptive coping.	The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) is a 10-item unidimensional instrument designed to measure global self-esteem in adolescents and adults. Developed by Morris Rosenberg in 1965, the RSES is one of the most widely used and shortest self-esteem measures in social and clinical psychology research. Its brevity, ease of administration, and robust psychometric properties have made it a standard reference point for self-esteem assessment across cultures and clinical populations.