قارن الطرق

	نموذج الدوران العام	نموذج SWAT
المجال	الجيوفيزياء	الجيوفيزياء
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1975	1998
صاحب الطريقة	Syukuro Manabe and Richard Wetherald	Jeff Arnold and others at USDA-ARS
النوع	Deterministic coupled atmosphere-ocean simulation	Process-based watershed and water quality simulation
المصدر التأسيسي	Manabe, S., & Wetherald, R. T. (1975). The effects of doubling the CO2 concentration on the climate of a general circulation model. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 32(1), 3-15.	Arnold, J. G., Srinivasan, R., Muttiah, R. S., & Williams, J. R. (1998). Large area hydrologic modeling and assessment part I: Model development. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 34(1), 73-89.
الأسماء البديلة	GCM, Global Climate Model	SWAT
ذات صلة	3	3
الملخص	A General Circulation Model (GCM), also called a Global Climate Model, is a three-dimensional numerical representation of the Earth's atmosphere, oceans, ice, and land surface that simulates physical processes governing weather and climate. Pioneered by Manabe and Wetherald in 1975, GCMs are the primary tools for understanding past climate, projecting future climate change, and investigating climate sensitivity to greenhouse gases and other forcings.	The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is a process-based watershed model that simulates the hydrological cycle, sediment transport, nutrient cycling, pesticide fate, and land management impacts across a watershed or large basin. Developed by Jeff Arnold and colleagues at USDA-ARS in 1998, SWAT has become a standard tool for evaluating non-point source pollution, assessing climate change impacts on water resources, and designing best management practices.