قارن الطرق

	Gender-Equitable Men Scale	Attitudes Toward Women Scale
المجال	Gender Studies	Gender Studies
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	2008	1972
صاحب الطريقة	Julie Pulerwitz & Gary Barker	Janet T. Spence and Robert Helmreich
النوع	Self-report attitude scale	Self-report attitude scale
المصدر التأسيسي	Pulerwitz, J., & Barker, G. (2008). Measuring attitudes toward gender norms among young men in Brazil: Development and psychometric evaluation of the GEM Scale. Men and Masculinities, 10(3), 322–338.	Spence, J. T., & Helmreich, R. (1972). The Attitudes Toward Women Scale: An objective instrument to measure attitudes toward the rights and roles of women in contemporary society. JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 2, 66–67.
الأسماء البديلة	GEM Scale, Gender Equitable Men Scale, GEMS	AWS, Spence-Helmreich AWS
ذات صلة	4	4
الملخص	The Gender-Equitable Men (GEM) Scale is a 24-item self-report instrument developed by Julie Pulerwitz and Gary Barker in 2008 to measure attitudes toward gender norms, particularly among men. Created and first validated with young men in Brazil through the Instituto Promundo programme, it covers norms around sexual and reproductive health, sexual relationships, violence, domestic work and child care, and homophobia, and has become a leading tool for evaluating gender-transformative health and violence-prevention interventions worldwide.	The Attitudes Toward Women Scale (AWS), developed by Janet Spence and Robert Helmreich in 1972, is a self-report Likert instrument that measures beliefs about the appropriate rights and roles of women in contemporary society. Respondents indicate their agreement with statements about vocational, educational, intellectual, marital, and social conduct expectations for women, yielding a single score that ranges from traditional and conservative to egalitarian and liberal.