قارن الطرق

	تحديد المجموعات الوظيفية	تخطيط مسار التخليق
المجال	الكيمياء	الكيمياء
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	early 20th century	1969
صاحب الطريقة	Organic chemistry community	Elias James Corey
النوع	Analytical methodology	Strategic planning methodology
المصدر التأسيسي	Clayden, J., Greeves, N., Warren, S., & Wothers, P. (2012). Organic Chemistry (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0199270293	Corey, E. J., & Cheng, X. M. (1991). The Logic of Chemical Synthesis. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0471096092
الأسماء البديلة	functional group analysis, FG identification, structural analysis	retrosynthesis, retrosynthetic analysis, synthetic route design
ذات صلة	3	3
الملخص	Functional group identification is the systematic determination of chemical functional groups present in organic molecules using spectroscopic, chemical, and structural data. Developed throughout the 20th century alongside spectroscopy and analytical chemistry, this methodology enables rapid structure elucidation by focusing on reactive moieties (alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, amines, etc.) rather than complete structure determination.	Synthesis route planning, grounded in retrosynthetic analysis, is a strategic approach to designing efficient chemical syntheses. Formalized by Elias James Corey in the 1960s (earning him the Nobel Prize in 1990), this methodology systematically deconstructs target molecules into simpler precursors and starting materials, enabling chemists to discover logical, economical, and practical synthesis routes.