قارن الطرق

	تحديد المجموعات الوظيفية	تحديد الهوية بواسطة التحليل الطيفي بالأشعة تحت الحمراء
المجال	الكيمياء	الكيمياء
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	early 20th century	1800
صاحب الطريقة	Organic chemistry community	William Herschel
النوع	Analytical methodology	Spectroscopic characterization technique
المصدر التأسيسي	Clayden, J., Greeves, N., Warren, S., & Wothers, P. (2012). Organic Chemistry (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0199270293	Pavia, D. L., Lampman, G. M., Kriz, G. S., & Engel, R. G. (2014). A Small-Scale Approach to Organic Laboratory Techniques (4th ed.). Cengage Learning. ISBN: 978-1285749297
الأسماء البديلة	functional group analysis, FG identification, structural analysis	IR spectroscopy, FTIR, infrared spectroscopy
ذات صلة	3	3
الملخص	Functional group identification is the systematic determination of chemical functional groups present in organic molecules using spectroscopic, chemical, and structural data. Developed throughout the 20th century alongside spectroscopy and analytical chemistry, this methodology enables rapid structure elucidation by focusing on reactive moieties (alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, amines, etc.) rather than complete structure determination.	Infrared (IR) spectroscopy measures the absorption of infrared radiation by chemical bonds, creating a spectrum unique to each compound. Discovered by William Herschel in 1800 and developed into a practical analytical tool in the mid-20th century, IR spectroscopy is indispensable for rapidly identifying functional groups and confirming compound structure in organic and inorganic chemistry.