قارن الطرق

	Framing Effects Experiment	Framing Analysis
المجال	Communication	Communication
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1987	1993
صاحب الطريقة	Iyengar & Kinder (effects tradition); Chong & Druckman (synthesis)	Robert M. Entman (synthesis); roots in Goffman, Tuchman, Gitlin
النوع	Randomized experiment isolating the causal effect of message frames on attitudes	Interpretive-quantitative analysis of how messages select and emphasize aspects of reality
المصدر التأسيسي	Iyengar, S., & Kinder, D. R. (1987). News That Matters: Television and American Opinion. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN: 9780226388571	Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4), 51–58.
الأسماء البديلة	Framing experiment, Message framing experiment, Equivalence and emphasis framing experiment, Çerçeveleme Etkisi Deneyi	Frame analysis, Media framing analysis method, Frame mapping, Çerçeveleme Analizi
ذات صلة	4	5
الملخص	A framing effects experiment is a randomized design that isolates the causal impact of how a message is framed — which considerations it emphasizes — on people's attitudes, judgments, or behavior. By randomly assigning participants to read otherwise comparable messages that differ only in their frame, it provides the causal counterpart to the descriptive framing analysis of media content.	Framing analysis is a communication research method for studying how messages select certain aspects of a perceived reality and make them more salient — promoting a particular problem definition, causal interpretation, moral evaluation, and treatment recommendation. Building on Robert Entman's influential 1993 synthesis, it moves beyond counting what is present to reconstructing the organizing ideas, or frames, that give media coverage its meaning and persuasive shape.