قارن الطرق

	Food Security Measurement	Coping Strategies Index
المجال	Development Studies	Development Studies
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	2013	1996
صاحب الطريقة	FAO (FIES); FANTA (HFIAS); World Food Programme (FCS)	Daniel Maxwell; CARE / World Food Programme
النوع	Experiential and dietary food-security survey	Behaviour-based food-insecurity index
المصدر التأسيسي	Ballard, T. J., Kepple, A. W., & Cafiero, C. (2013). The Food Insecurity Experience Scale: Development of a Global Standard for Monitoring Hunger Worldwide. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).	Maxwell, D. G. (1996). Measuring food insecurity: the frequency and severity of 'coping strategies'. Food Policy, 21(3), 291–303.
الأسماء البديلة	Food insecurity measurement, FIES, HFIAS, Food Consumption Score	CSI, Reduced Coping Strategies Index, rCSI, Coping strategies score
ذات صلة	4	4
الملخص	Food security measurement comprises a family of survey-based instruments that capture households' or individuals' access to adequate food, distinct from the U.S. USDA Household Food Security Survey Module. The dominant tools — the FAO Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES), the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS), the World Food Programme's Food Consumption Score (FCS), and dietary-diversity scores such as the Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) — measure either the lived experience of food insecurity or the quantity and quality of the diet, providing the indicators used for global hunger monitoring and humanitarian targeting.	The Coping Strategies Index (CSI) is a behaviour-based indicator of household food insecurity that counts and weights the consumption-related coping strategies households adopt when they cannot access enough food. Developed by Daniel Maxwell in the 1990s and standardised in the CARE/WFP field manual, it asks how frequently a household resorted to behaviours such as eating less-preferred foods, borrowing food, reducing portion sizes, restricting adult consumption, or skipping meals, and combines frequency with severity into a single score that is quick to collect and well suited to monitoring and early warning.