قارن الطرق

	مؤشر طقس الحرائق	مؤشر كيتش-بيرام للجفاف	نموذج روثرميل لانتشار الحرائق
المجال	علوم الغابات	علوم الغابات	علوم الغابات
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1987	1968	1972
صاحب الطريقة	Cornelius Van Wagner	John Keetch	Richard Rothermel
النوع	weather-based fire danger system	drought index	fire propagation model
المصدر التأسيسي	Van Wagner, C. E. (1987). Development and structure of the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System. Canadian Forestry Service Publication 1333.	Keetch, J. J., & Byram, G. M. (1968). A drought index for forest fire control. Research Paper SE-38, USDA Forest Service Southeastern Forest Experiment Station.	Rothermel, R. C. (1972). A mathematical model for predicting fire spread in wildland fuels. Research Paper INT-115, USDA Forest Service Intermountain Research Station.
الأسماء البديلة	FWI, Canadian Fire Weather Index	KBDI, drought severity index	fire spread model, BEHAVE model
ذات صلة	2	2	3
الملخص	The Fire Weather Index (FWI) System, developed by the Canadian Forest Service, is a comprehensive weather-based fire danger rating system consisting of six component indices and an overall Fire Weather Index. It uses daily weather observations (temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and precipitation) to estimate fine-fuel moisture, fire behavior, and risk. The FWI System is used operationally across Canada, many U.S. states, and internationally for fire management decisions and fire danger forecasting.	The Keetch-Byram Drought Index (KBDI) is a cumulative drought severity index used in fire danger rating systems to track long-term soil moisture depletion and drying trends. Developed in 1968 by Keetch and Byram, KBDI integrates daily temperature, precipitation, and prior drought state to produce a continuous index ranging from 0 (no drought, moist soil) to 800 (severe drought, very dry soil). KBDI is widely used in fire danger prediction and fire behavior modeling because soil moisture is a major driver of fuel drying and flammability.	The Rothermel fire spread model, developed by Richard Rothermel in 1972, is a mechanistic mathematical model that predicts the rate of fire spread through surface fuels using fuel characteristics, weather, and topography. It forms the theoretical foundation of the BEHAVE fire modeling system used operationally by fire agencies worldwide. The model integrates principles from combustion physics, heat transfer, and fuel science to quantify how fire intensity, fuel moisture, wind, and slope interact to drive wildfire propagation.