قارن الطرق

	المعاينة المنهجية الميدانية	العينة العنقودية
المجال	منهجية المسح	منهجية المسح
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1940s–1950s (systematic sampling foundations); field adaptations consolidated by 1970s	Early-to-mid 20th century; canonical treatment 1953/1977
صاحب الطريقة	William G. Cochran (systematic sampling foundations); adapted to field contexts in ecological and agricultural survey literature	Formalized by William G. Cochran; roots in early 20th-century U.S. Census Bureau survey practice
النوع	Probability sampling design	Probability sampling design
المصدر التأسيسي	Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0471162407	Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-0471162407
الأسماء البديلة	systematic field sampling, grid-based field sampling, regular interval field sampling	cluster random sampling, area sampling, one-stage cluster sampling
ذات صلة	6	5
الملخص	Field-based systematic sampling applies systematic (regular-interval) selection to real-world field environments — plots of land, transects, geographic grids, or physical survey routes. A random starting point is chosen, then every k-th unit or location is sampled at equal spatial or sequential intervals. Widely used in ecology, agriculture, environmental science, and field surveys, it delivers spatially even coverage at low operational cost while maintaining probability-sampling properties.	Cluster sampling is a probability sampling technique in which the population is divided into naturally occurring groups (clusters), a random sample of clusters is selected, and all — or a random subset of — members within each selected cluster are studied. It is especially practical when a complete population list is unavailable or when units are geographically dispersed, making individual random selection prohibitively expensive. One-stage cluster sampling surveys every member of selected clusters; two-stage designs add a second random draw within clusters.