قارن الطرق

	تحليل الوثائق الميداني	الإثنوغرافيا
المجال	نوعي	نوعي
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1970s–1980s (codified in qualitative research methodology)	c. 1922 (Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific)
صاحب الطريقة	Rooted in ethnographic fieldwork traditions; systematised in qualitative education research by Bogdan & Biklen and Hammersley & Atkinson	Bronisław Malinowski (modern ethnography); rooted in 19th-century anthropology
النوع	Qualitative research strategy	Qualitative fieldwork tradition
المصدر التأسيسي	Bogdan, R. C., & Biklen, S. K. (2007). Qualitative Research for Education: An Introduction to Theories and Methods (5th ed.). Pearson. ISBN: 978-0205483655	Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in Practice (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1138504462
الأسماء البديلة	FBDA, field document analysis, naturalistic document analysis, ethnographic document analysis	Etnografi, participant observation, fieldwork, ethnographic research
ذات صلة	6	5
الملخص	Field-based document analysis is a qualitative strategy in which the researcher enters a real-world setting — a school, clinic, organisation, or community — and systematically collects, authenticates, and analyses documents that are naturally produced and used there. Unlike library-based or archival document analysis, the field context is integral: the researcher observes how documents function in practice, who produces and reads them, and what organisational or cultural work they perform. The approach is widely used in ethnographic, case-study, and institutional research.	Ethnography is a qualitative research tradition in which a researcher immerses themselves in a social group or community over an extended period — typically three to six months or longer — to study its culture, values, and behaviours in their natural setting. Originating in social and cultural anthropology, and consolidated as a rigorous method by Bronisław Malinowski in the early twentieth century, ethnography produces rich, contextualised accounts of how people live, work, and make meaning together.