قارن الطرق

	Feeling Thermometer Analysis	مقياس الهوية الحزبية
المجال	علم النفس السياسي	علم النفس السياسي
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1964	1960
صاحب الطريقة	American National Election Studies / Aage Clausen	Angus Campbell et al.
النوع	Affect rating instrument	Self-report
المصدر التأسيسي	Wilcox, C., Sigelman, L., & Cook, E. (1989). Some like it hot: Individual differences in responses to group feeling thermometers. Public Opinion Quarterly, 53(2), 246-257.	Campbell, A., Converse, P. E., Miller, W. E., & Stokes, D. E. (1960). The American voter. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
الأسماء البديلة	Feeling Thermometer, Affect Thermometer, Thermometer Rating Scale	PAS, Party Identification, Partisan Strength
ذات صلة	4	3
الملخص	The feeling thermometer is a survey instrument that asks respondents to rate their warmth or favorability toward a person, group, or institution on a 0-to-100 scale, where 0 is very cold/unfavorable, 100 is very warm/favorable, and 50 is neutral. Introduced in the American National Election Studies in the 1960s, it is the standard measure of political affect, and its analysis underpins candidate evaluation, group affect, and affective-polarization research.	The Partisan Identity Scale measures strength and direction of psychological attachment to a political party, encompassing both party preference and emotional party identification. Foundational since Campbell et al.'s American Voter (1960), the measure distinguishes party affiliation (which party one is registered with) from party identification (psychological identity with a party as a social group). Partisan identity is among the strongest predictors of voting behavior, political attitudes, and interpretation of political information, functioning as a 'perceptual filter' through which voters process news.