قارن الطرق

	تحليل نمط الفشل وتأثيراته (FMEA)	تحليل الموثوقية الإحصائي
المجال	التصميم التجريبي	الموثوقية
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Regression model
سنة النشأة	1949 (military); widespread industrial adoption 1970s–1980s	1998
صاحب الطريقة	U.S. Military / NASA (formalized by MIL-P-1629, 1949)	William Meeker & Luis Escobar
النوع	Proactive risk analysis technique	Parametric lifetime modeling
المصدر التأسيسي	Stamatis, D. H. (2003). Failure Mode and Effect Analysis: FMEA from Theory to Execution (2nd ed.). ASQ Quality Press. ISBN: 978-0873895989	Meeker, W. Q., & Escobar, L. A. (1998). Statistical Methods for Reliability Data. Wiley. ISBN: 978-0-471-14328-4
الأسماء البديلة	FMEA, Failure Modes and Effects Analysis, FMECA, Failure Mode Effects and Criticality Analysis	Life Data Analysis, Survival Analysis (Engineering), Time-to-Failure Analysis, Güvenilirlik Analizi
ذات صلة	6	3
الملخص	Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is a structured, proactive risk management technique used to identify potential failure modes in a system, process, or product design, evaluate their consequences, and prioritize corrective actions before failures occur. Originally developed for the U.S. military in 1949 and later adopted by NASA, automotive, and manufacturing industries, FMEA is now a cornerstone quality-engineering tool embedded in standards such as AIAG-VDA and ISO 9001-aligned processes.	Statistical reliability analysis models the time-to-failure of components, systems, or products using parametric lifetime distributions fitted to observed or censored failure data. Formalized comprehensively by William Q. Meeker and Luis A. Escobar in their 1998 Wiley monograph, the framework integrates maximum likelihood estimation, censoring mechanisms, and distributional diagnostics to produce probability-of-failure curves, hazard rates, and quantile estimates that support design, warranty, and maintenance decisions.