قارن الطرق

	تجربة الأذرع المتعددة العواملية	تجربة الأذرع المتعددة
المجال	التصميم التجريبي	التصميم التجريبي
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1926 (factorial basis); multi-arm factorial trials formalized 1980s–1990s	1990s–2000s (clinical formalization); multi-arm concept implicit in ANOVA-era factorial designs
صاحب الطريقة	R. A. Fisher (factorial foundations); multi-arm extension established in clinical trial methodology	Developed within clinical trials methodology; formalized by Parmar, Royston and colleagues (UK MRC CTU, early 2000s)
النوع	Experimental design	Experimental design
المصدر التأسيسي	Montgomery, D. C. (2017). Design and Analysis of Experiments (9th ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-1119492443	Royston, P., Parmar, M. K. B., & Qian, W. (2003). Novel designs for multi-arm clinical trials with survival outcomes with an application in ovarian cancer. Statistics in Medicine, 22(14), 2239–2256.
الأسماء البديلة	multi-arm factorial trial, factorial multi-arm trial, multi-arm factorial experiment, MAFT	multi-arm trial, multiple-arm experiment, multi-group experiment, many-arm design
ذات صلة	6	5
الملخص	A factorial multi-arm experiment simultaneously tests multiple factors (each at two or more levels) by assigning participants to distinct arms that represent unique combinations of those factors. This design efficiently estimates the independent main effects of each factor and their interactions, all within a single study — making it far more informative than running separate one-factor experiments.	A multi-arm experiment simultaneously compares three or more treatment or intervention conditions — each called an arm — against a shared control or against one another. By testing multiple alternatives in a single study, it yields more information per participant than running separate two-group experiments sequentially, while controlling the overall Type I error rate through pre-specified comparison strategies.