قارن الطرق

	تجربة الأذرع المتعددة العواملية	تجربة عاملية مجزأة
المجال	التصميم التجريبي	التصميم التجريبي
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1926 (factorial basis); multi-arm factorial trials formalized 1980s–1990s	1945 (Finney); broader development 1950s–1970s by Box, Hunter
صاحب الطريقة	R. A. Fisher (factorial foundations); multi-arm extension established in clinical trial methodology	D. J. Finney (formal development); foundations in Ronald Fisher's factorial design work
النوع	Experimental design	Quantitative experimental design
المصدر التأسيسي	Montgomery, D. C. (2017). Design and Analysis of Experiments (9th ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-1119492443	Box, G. E. P., Hunter, J. S., & Hunter, W. G. (2005). Statistics for Experimenters: Design, Innovation, and Discovery (2nd ed.). Wiley-Interscience. ISBN: 978-0471718130
الأسماء البديلة	multi-arm factorial trial, factorial multi-arm trial, multi-arm factorial experiment, MAFT	fractional factorial design, FFD, 2^(k-p) design, fractional replication
ذات صلة	6	4
الملخص	A factorial multi-arm experiment simultaneously tests multiple factors (each at two or more levels) by assigning participants to distinct arms that represent unique combinations of those factors. This design efficiently estimates the independent main effects of each factor and their interactions, all within a single study — making it far more informative than running separate one-factor experiments.	A fractional factorial experiment is a resource-efficient experimental design that tests only a carefully chosen fraction of all possible factor-level combinations. By exploiting the principle that high-order interactions are usually negligible, it identifies the main effects and low-order interactions of k factors using far fewer runs than a full factorial design — making it the workhorse of industrial and engineering screening experiments.