قارن الطرق

	التجربة العاملية	التجربة المعشاة ذات الشواهد (RCT)
المجال	التصميم التجريبي	التصميم التجريبي
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Hypothesis test
سنة النشأة	1926–1935	1948
صاحب الطريقة	Ronald A. Fisher	James Lind (early precursor, 1747); modern formulation: Austin Bradford Hill & Medical Research Council (1948)
النوع	Quantitative experimental design	Interventional comparative study
المصدر التأسيسي	Fisher, R. A. (1935). The Design of Experiments. Oliver and Boyd.	Schulz, K.F., Altman, D.G., Moher, D., for the CONSORT Group (2010). CONSORT 2010 Statement: Updated Guidelines for Reporting Parallel Group Randomised Trials. BMJ, 340, c332.
الأسماء البديلة	factorial design, factorial ANOVA design, multi-factor experiment, crossed-factor design	RCT, randomised controlled trial, clinical trial, Randomize Kontrollü Çalışma (RCT) Tasarımı
ذات صلة	6	7
الملخص	A factorial experiment is an experimental design in which two or more independent variables (factors) are manipulated simultaneously, and every combination of their levels is tested. Introduced by Ronald Fisher in the 1920s–1930s, it is the standard approach whenever a researcher needs to detect not only the main effect of each factor but also whether the effect of one factor depends on the level of another — the interaction effect.	A randomized controlled trial (RCT) is the gold standard experimental design in clinical and health research, in which participants are randomly allocated to a treatment group or a control group so that the effect of an intervention can be measured with the highest possible degree of internal validity. The modern parallel-group RCT was formalized by Austin Bradford Hill and the Medical Research Council in their landmark streptomycin trial of 1948, and its reporting is governed today by the CONSORT 2010 guidelines (Schulz et al., 2010).