قارن الطرق

	التجربة العاملية	تجربة عاملية مجزأة
المجال	التصميم التجريبي	التصميم التجريبي
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1926–1935	1945 (Finney); broader development 1950s–1970s by Box, Hunter
صاحب الطريقة	Ronald A. Fisher	D. J. Finney (formal development); foundations in Ronald Fisher's factorial design work
النوع	Quantitative experimental design	Quantitative experimental design
المصدر التأسيسي	Fisher, R. A. (1935). The Design of Experiments. Oliver and Boyd.	Box, G. E. P., Hunter, J. S., & Hunter, W. G. (2005). Statistics for Experimenters: Design, Innovation, and Discovery (2nd ed.). Wiley-Interscience. ISBN: 978-0471718130
الأسماء البديلة	factorial design, factorial ANOVA design, multi-factor experiment, crossed-factor design	fractional factorial design, FFD, 2^(k-p) design, fractional replication
ذات صلة	6	4
الملخص	A factorial experiment is an experimental design in which two or more independent variables (factors) are manipulated simultaneously, and every combination of their levels is tested. Introduced by Ronald Fisher in the 1920s–1930s, it is the standard approach whenever a researcher needs to detect not only the main effect of each factor but also whether the effect of one factor depends on the level of another — the interaction effect.	A fractional factorial experiment is a resource-efficient experimental design that tests only a carefully chosen fraction of all possible factor-level combinations. By exploiting the principle that high-order interactions are usually negligible, it identifies the main effects and low-order interactions of k factors using far fewer runs than a full factorial design — making it the workhorse of industrial and engineering screening experiments.