قارن الطرق

	تقنية دلفي وجهاً لوجه	أبحاث مجموعات التركيز
المجال	منهجية المسح	نوعي
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1950s–1963	1940s (sociological origin); modern applied form from the 1980s–1990s
صاحب الطريقة	Norman Dalkey and Olaf Helmer (RAND Corporation)	Robert K. Merton (sociological precursor, 1940s); popularised in applied research by Richard A. Krueger
النوع	Structured expert-consensus method	Qualitative data collection method
المصدر التأسيسي	Dalkey, N., & Helmer, O. (1963). An experimental application of the Delphi method to the use of experts. Management Science, 9(3), 458–467.	Krueger, R.A. & Casey, M.A. (2014). Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied Research (5th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1483365244
الأسماء البديلة	in-person Delphi, face-to-face Delphi, conventional Delphi, FtF Delphi	focus group discussion, FGD, group interview, Odak Grup Araştırması
ذات صلة	5	6
الملخص	The face-to-face Delphi Technique is a structured, iterative consensus-building method conducted through in-person sessions with a purposively selected panel of experts. Across multiple rounds, panelists independently respond to structured questionnaires, receive aggregated group feedback, and revise their judgments until acceptable consensus is reached. The face-to-face format adds direct interpersonal interaction while preserving the anonymity of individual ratings within each round.	Focus group research is a qualitative data-collection method in which a trained moderator guides structured discussions with homogeneous groups of six to ten participants to explore ideas, attitudes, and perceptions on a defined topic. Developed from sociological roots in the 1940s and systematised for applied research by Krueger and Casey, the method leverages group interaction as a data source — revealing not just what people think, but how they negotiate and articulate views in a social setting.