قارن الطرق

	الإثنوغرافيا	بحث الحالة
المجال	نوعي	نوعي
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	c. 1922 (Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific)	1984 (seminal codification)
صاحب الطريقة	Bronisław Malinowski (modern ethnography); rooted in 19th-century anthropology	Robert K. Yin (systematised in Case Study Research, 1984)
النوع	Qualitative fieldwork tradition	Qualitative research design
المصدر التأسيسي	Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in Practice (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1138504462	Yin, R.K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506336169
الأسماء البديلة	Etnografi, participant observation, fieldwork, ethnographic research	Vaka Çalışması (Case Study), case study design, case study methodology
ذات صلة	5	5
الملخص	Ethnography is a qualitative research tradition in which a researcher immerses themselves in a social group or community over an extended period — typically three to six months or longer — to study its culture, values, and behaviours in their natural setting. Originating in social and cultural anthropology, and consolidated as a rigorous method by Bronisław Malinowski in the early twentieth century, ethnography produces rich, contextualised accounts of how people live, work, and make meaning together.	Case study research is a qualitative research design that investigates a specific phenomenon, individual, group, organisation, or event in depth within its real-world context. Systematised by Robert K. Yin in 1984, it supports single-case and multiple-case designs and draws on multiple data sources — interviews, observation, documents, and artefacts — to build a rich, contextualised account of a bounded unit.