قارن الطرق

	تقييم الأثر البيئي	نمذجة انتشار الهواء
المجال	الهندسة البيئية	الهندسة البيئية
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1970	1961
صاحب الطريقة	U.S. National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)	Pasquill and Gifford
النوع	systematic assessment and decision-support pipeline	mathematical simulation pipeline
المصدر التأسيسي	Glasson, J., Therivel, R., & Chadwick, A. (2005). Introduction to Environmental Impact Assessment (3rd ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-0415303910	Pasquill, F. (1974). Atmospheric Diffusion: The Dispersion of Windborne Material from Industrial and Other Sources (2nd ed.). Ellis Horwood Limited. ISBN: 978-0470657034
الأسماء البديلة	EIA, impact assessment, environmental screening, cumulative effects assessment	air quality modeling, plume modeling, atmospheric transport, emission dispersion
ذات صلة	4	4
الملخص	Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a systematic, structured process to identify, predict, and evaluate the environmental and social consequences of proposed development projects (infrastructure, extraction, manufacturing) before implementation. Mandated by law in most jurisdictions since the 1970s (NEPA in USA, EU Directive 2011/92/EU), EIA integrates scientific analysis of air quality, water resources, biodiversity, noise, and socioeconomic effects with stakeholder consultation and decision-making frameworks to inform project approval, design modification, or rejection.	Air dispersion modeling is a quantitative method to predict the concentration and deposition of air pollutants (dust, gases, particulates) released from industrial sources, traffic, or combustion. Developed empirically by Pasquill and Gifford in the 1960s and formalized into the Gaussian plume model, these methods predict ground-level concentration downwind of a source using wind speed, stability class, source height, and meteorological data. Air dispersion models are essential tools for regulatory compliance, emission permitting, and exposure assessment.